WORK CULTURE IN INDIAN ORGANIZATIONS Essay Example For Students

WORK CULTURE IN INDIAN ORGANIZATIONS Essay WORK CULTURE IN INDIAN ORGANIZATIONS Essay A Journey Towards Organizations of Todays Knowledge Based Industries Work is a source of sustenance to human beings. The environment where the person works has a lot of effect on the efficiency and effectiveness. In a laymans language we can call this environment along with the processes working in it as the Work Culture. With the opening up of Indian economy and the flourishing of knowledge based industries in India, this environment of work has considerably changed and it has a marked influence on the social lives of the people working in these kinds of industries. As these industries are located mostly in big/metropolitan cities and affects educated urban middle/upper class generally, this paper will be somewhat skewed towards these class of people working mostly in large organizations. We will write a custom essay on WORK CULTURE IN INDIAN ORGANIZATIONS specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I will also concentrate on defining work culture, on types of work culture, on the impact of society on work culture, on emerging work culture and finally focusing on the knowledge based industries Work culture refers to work related activities and the meanings attached to such activities in the framework of norms and values regarding work. These activities, norms and values are generally (but not always) conceptualized in an organization. An organization has its boundaries, goals and objectives, technology, managerial practices, material and human resources as well as constraints (which is referred to as organizational culture). Its employees have skills, knowledge, needs, expectations and behavior. These two set of factors organizational and organismic interact and over time establishes roles, norms, and values pertaining to work. It is this totality of the various levels of interacting forces around the focal concern for work, which is labeled as work culture. The work culture also has its roots from the socio-cultural values and systemic features of the surrounding milieu. Work and organizational cultures are subsets of the larger societal culture. While each organization has its own work culture, two patterns are distinct: soft and synergetic, representing the extremes of a broadly conceived continuum of work. Soft work culture means that everybody in the organization is complacent enough and the motivation level of the employees to do something new is very less. The soft culture is not a desirable state of an organization in the synergetic work culture, socio-cultural values are utilized to mobilize and motivate manpower. If organizational culture is conducive to excellence at work, high productivity, the centrality of work in employees life space and a high quality of work life, the organization is said to have a work-conducive culture otherwise a non work-culture. If an organization enforces strong work norms, maintains strict work disciplines and makes profits, but neglects and exploits its human resources the organization is said to possess an amoral work-centric culture. The employees lack involvement, commitment and desire to do something innovative in this kind of culture. Similarly if an organization neglects the social needs of its employees in achieving technological excellence, it is said to be working under technocratic culture. The criteria which determines the centrality of work for an individual are job affect and job clarity, time to devote to work i.e. work pressure, job and life satisfaction, value addition from the job, peace of mind, working conditions, up-to-date technology, superior-subordinate relationship, reinforcement (reward for hard work), status/prestige associated with the position/designation, extent of responsibility and freedom for making decisions, security of job and last but not the least money. Work culture changes with the organizations core activity The work culture present in heavy industries is significantly different from that existing in diverse industries like banking, fashion, entertainment and knowledge based industries Irrespective of organizational setting, the employees may tend to work hard, feel positive towards working and consider work to be central to their identity depending on their geographical or cultural region. A very clear example is the Japanese culture that socializes its members in cultivating a work-centric culture. The Indian cultural milieu is collectivist. Hence any culture in the organization should give due consideration to the group activities to a certain extent for success. The social hierarchy existing in India makes Indians feel comfortable in the superior-subordinate framework. Once a hierarchy is established the juniors goes to any extent to please their seniors. .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3 , .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3 .postImageUrl , .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3 , .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3:hover , .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3:visited , .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3:active { border:0!important; } .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3:active , .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3 .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub2e4c4221d63cb00a99b9ee0252902a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dream Job Essay Hierarchical .

6 Tips for New, First-Year MBA Students

6 Tips for New, First-Year MBA Students Being a new student can be difficultno matter how old you are or how many years of school you already have under your belt. This can be especially true for first-year MBA students. They are thrown into a new environment that is known for being rigorous, challenging, and quite frequently competitive. Most are nervous about the prospect and spend a great deal of time struggling with the transition. If you are in the same spot, the following tips may help. Tour Your School One of the problems with being in a new environment is that you dont always know where youre going. This can make it hard to get to class on time and find the resources you need. Before your class sessions start, be sure to take a thorough tour of the school. Familiarize yourself with the location of all of your classes as well as the facilities you might usethe library, the admissions office, the career center, etc. Knowing where you are going will make the first few days a lot easier to get through. Establish a Schedule Making time for classes and coursework can be a challenge, especially if you are trying to balance a job and family with your education. The first few months can be particularly overwhelming. Establishing a schedule early on can help you stay on top of everything. Buy or download a daily planner and use it to track everything you need to do each day. Making lists and crossing things off as you complete them will keep you organized and help you with your time management. Learn to Work in a Group Many business schools require study groups or team projects. Even if your school does not require this, you may want to consider joining or starting your own study group. Working with other students in your class is a great way to network and get team experience. Although it is not a good idea to try to get other people to do your work for you, there is no harm in helping each other work through difficult material. Depending on others and knowing that others depend on you is also a good way to stay on track academically. Learn to Read Dry Text Quickly Reading is a huge part of business school coursework. In addition to a textbook, you will also have other required reading materials, such as case studies and lecture notes. Learning how to read a lot of dry text quickly will help you in each one of your classes. You shouldnt always speed read, but you should learn how to skim text and assess what is important and what is not. Network Networking is a big part of the business school experience. For new MBA students, finding time to network can be a challenge. However, it is very important that you incorporate networking into your schedule. The contacts you meet in business school can last a lifetime and may just help you get a job after graduation. Dont Worry It is easy advice to give and hard advice to follow. But the truth is that you shouldnt worry. Many of your fellow students share the same concerns. They are nervous too. And like you, they want to do well. The advantage in this is that you are not alone. The nervousness you feel is perfectly normal. The key is to not let it stand in the way of your success. Although you may be uncomfortable at first, your business school will eventually begin to feel like a second home. You will make friends, you will get to know your professors and what is expected of you, and you will keep up with the coursework if you give yourself enough time to complete it and ask for help when you need it. Get more tips on how to manage school stress.

How Long Is the ACT With Writing

How Long Is the ACT With Writing SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT is a standardized test that requires endurance. You're asked to answer 215 multiple-choice questions subject area by subject area- a style of testing that causes fatigue for many students. The normal four-section (English, Math, Reading, Science) ACT is already lengthy, but how much longer does it get when you add on the Writing test? In this article, you'll find out just how long the ACT with Writing is,along with some actions you can take to deal with its monstrous length. Feature Image Credit:Joe Haupt/Flickr How Long Is the ACT With Writing? The first thing to think about is how long each section of the test is on the ACT Plus Writing. In the chart below, you can see the order, time, and number of questions for each ACT section, including the optional Writing (essay) section: Section Time # of Questions 1. English 45 minutes 75 2. Math 60 minutes 60 3. Reading 35 minutes 40 4. Science 35 minutes 40 5. Experimental* 20 minutes (approximately) ? 6. Writing (optional) 40 minutes 1 essay *Given to only some test takers. If you take the ACT with Writing,the time for each section (English, Math, Reading, Science, and Writing) adds up to a total of threehours and 35 minutes of test sections (excluding breaks). By contrast, the total time of the ACT without Writingis only two hours and 55 minutes.The exception to this rule is when there is an additional 20-minute unscored section ("Experimental" in the above chart) added to the ACT without Writing, raising the total test time to three hours and 15 minutes. How Long Is the ACT Plus Writing Test-Taking Experience? Just knowing the amount of time each section takes doesn't tell you the whole story. In order to get the full picture of how long the ACT with Writing is, you also have to account for breaks.Below, I've added in the two breaks that occur during the ACT Plus Writing Test: Section Time 1. English 45 minutes 2. Math 60 minutes Break 10 minutes 3. Reading 35 minutes 4. Science 35 minutes 5. Experimental* 20 minutes (approximately) Break** 5 minutes 6. Writing 40 minutes *Not scored; only administered to select studentsnottaking the ACT Plus Writing. **Only for students taking the ACT Plus Writing; all other students are free to leave. When breaks are included, the ACT Plus Writing takes a total of three hours and 50 minutes. With breaks but without Writing, the ACT is only three hours and five minutes long (or three hours and 25 minutes long if you have to take the experimental section). Some students dislike the breaks in-between sections. While it's true that breaks do make the test longer (which, in turn, requires you to keep your brain in test mode longer), they're also beneficial. During the breaks, you'll not only be able to use the restroom, but you'll also get the chance to briefly relax your mind.These actions should lead to a higher ACT score (since you won't lose time running to the restroom mid-section, for instance), which will then save you time by making it unnecessary to retake the test. Be aware that proctors occasionally forget about breaks or accidentally cut the breaks short. That said, the breaks between Math and Reading and between Science and Writing are absolutely your right as a test taker. If it seems as if a break is going to be shorter than the maximum time or get skipped over altogether, be sure to request a break.Read our guide to learn what to do if your ACT testing center experiences any problems like these. ACT Plus Writing Test-Taking Experience With Extended Time If you normally get extended time on tests in school, or if you think you might need extra time on the ACT, there are a few different accommodations that allow you to have more time. National Extended Time for ACT Plus Writing will give you sixtotal hours(including breaks) for the ACT Plus Writing.If you qualify for Special Testing time, you may receive even more time (depending on your diagnosis and the accommodations deemed necessary).Check out our guide to learn more abouthow to request and get ACT accommodations. How to Deal With the ACT Test Length: 5 Key Tips Even if you don't get extended time on the test, the ACT with Writing is still pretty long. So what can you do to prepare for such a lengthy test? Here are our top tips. #1:Build Up to It Think of the ACT with Writing as a marathon. Some people have naturally higher endurance levels than others, but everyone still needs to train in order to get up to running 26.2 miles in one go.In the case of the ACT, this means you'll need tostart out by practicing questions on individual sections, move up to taking entire sections at once, and finally work your way up to taking full-length, timed ACT practice tests (including breaks). #2:Make Your Practice Tests as Realistic as Possible It's not enough to simply practice taking a full-length ACT with Writing. If you really want to know how you'll do on test day, you'll need to take practice tests under the exact same (or close to it) conditions that you'll have on test day. This means you should wake up early on a Saturday morning to take your practice test at 8 am, and find a quiet place to take it. It also means following all time restrictions on the test, including breaks. Be sure topractice using a non-mechanical pencil, particularly on the Writing test. The more closely you can emulate real testing conditions, the better prepared you'll be for the ACT. #3:Use the Breaks Well Breaks are important for your mental and physical well-being. Get up and move around during these times if your energy levels are getting low. Make sure to bring a snack and water so you can replenish yourself quickly (and don't have to go hunting for a vending machine). Get back to your seat at least two minutes before the test resumes so that you can calm back down and reenter a test-taking mindset. If your energy or anxiety levels tend to be high during tests and you're worried that getting up and moving might break your concentration, try to at leastdo some stretches in your seat. Shaking out and stretching your hands and arms is very important (particularly before the Writing test), as your fingers can get cramped from gripping your pencil too tightly. It might also help to slowly roll around your head and stretch your neckin order to release any tension that's gathered there. #4:Get Enough Sleep Multiple Nights Before Test Day It's not just the night before that matters- making sure you have a solid night's rest two and three nights before the ACT can make a big difference. I know that for me, a bad night's sleep catches up with me a couple of days later rather than the next day! I recommend aiming for about eight or nine hours of sleep a night, or whatever amount you need to feel well rested. #5:Eat a Balanced Breakfast the Morning of the Test You don't want to have a sugar crash or an upset stomach halfway through the ACT; you also don't want to faint because you didn't eat anything that morning. So what should you do? Eat a healthy, balanced breakfast that isn't too greasy or too sugary. Protein and complex carbohydrates (rather than something sweet like cereal) are the way to go. You must ignore the seduction and sorcery that is a doughnut cupcake (?!?!?!) for your test-day breakfast. (Chris Martin/Flickr) What’s Next? Want a quick way to boost your ACT Writing score? Read our 15 tips and strategies for getting a high score on the ACT essay. Get to know the ACT Plus Writing even better with our article on how to get a perfect score on the ACT essay. Discover how the length of your ACT essay is related to your ACT Writing score. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this ACT Writing lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get your ACT essays hand-graded by a master instructor who will give you customized feedback on how you can improve. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Morocco Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Morocco Analysis - Research Paper Example Although the entire period between 1980 and 2000 is marked by periodic high and low swings, and a number of years of negative growth, the new millennium have brought in a positive outlook on its growth pattern. Figure 1 captures Morocco's violent growth waves in a succinct manner. The year 1992 is a significant one in Morocco's demographic profile, as during that year half of its population lived in the countryside while the other half preferred the urban cities. However, what was predominantly a rural economy, three decades ago, has become an urban economy in recent years with 60:40 ratios in favor of cities. As can be observed from Figure 2, the rate of growth of migration from villages towards the cities has remained on an even path. This indicates a potential transition from the focus of primary agricultural production to industrial and service sector, in the coming years. In addition, as can be observed from Figure 3, net migration to other countries is also on the rise, from a little over 80000 persons in 1980 to over 330000 persons in 2004. Although the workers' remittances receipts remained more or less stable till the end of the previous decade, it exhibits a significant improvement during the first half of the new millennium, touching a net inflow o f over US$ 4 billion during 2004. Morocco's population profile, as can be seen in Table 1, presents a sound improvement with a considerable decline in its birth, death, fertility and infant mortality rates, and a significant progress in its life expectancy and literacy rates. Table 1: Trend in Morocco's Population Profile 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2004 Birth rate (per 1,000 people) 37.9 33.7 29.0 25.4 23.6 22.8 Death rate (per 1,000 people) 11.7 9.6 7.8 6.6 6.0 5.7 Fertility rate (births per woman) 5.6 4.8 4.0 3.3 2.6 2.5 Infant Mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 99.0 83.0 69.0 56.0 45.0 38.2 Life expectancy at birth (years) 57.9 61.2 64.3 66.9 68.8 70.1 Literacy rate (% of people 15 & above) NA NA 38.7 NA NA 52.3 Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank, Washington DC, 2006. Employment: Figure 4: Trend in Morocco's unemployment as a percentage of total labor force: The highest level of unemployment of about 23 per cent in 1995 remained a cause of concern for Morocco. Although unemployment as a percentage of the total labor force peaked once again during 1998, it has significantly declined since then reaching an all time low unemployment rate of around 11 percent during 2004. Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank, Washington DC, 2006. Together with the growing number of migrants towards the developed countries, there is a general optimism that the fast growing domestic manufacturing sector will absorb a significant number of unemployed persons, and consequently unemployment can be brought down to a manageable level in the near future. Performance of Major Sectors: Traditionally, agriculture played the central role in Moroccan economy, with a sustained growth and export performance of vegetables, citrus fruits, olives, wheat, barley,

Research paper Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research paper Bachelor - Essay Example 2. This was predominantly media circulated story. It is essential to know that media had been unbiased throughout its reporting and distorting reality had not taken place. It is a fact that more media dependent people become, interaction with other humans lessens proportionately and our understanding of human nature diminishes. "As media remain a primary information and entertainment source, many scholars express concern that interpersonal discussions about important social topics will continue to decline leading to accelerated civic and social disengagement of the audience members, Wicks (2001, p.5). 4. If in reality, the victim is a prostitute, how could the men be justified in forcing their attention on an unwilling prostitute and it has to be treated as rape, even though it was not violent and here, it was a violent sexual assault, which has no justification. It is wrong to presume that prostitutes do not have morality or lack the power of saying no. 5. Media coverage had been overwhelming. Media can produce mass hysteria, sway people's minds, alter opinions, force accused to be flushed out into open, create awareness and question if incident was isolated. It has to be probed if media had been successful in this case. 7. Presence of two Muslims amongst accused has created a cultural question.

Role of Violence Essay Example for Free

Role of Violence Essay Violence is a common literary element present in both the books, Things Fall Apart and in Persepolis. The depiction of violence gives the story a different view and a negative image. In things fall apart, the depiction of violence is more as it defies the culture and the traditions of the Igbo people. They believe in evil spirit who has the power over all the people. This culture worships the value of killing and murdering. Acts of violence are often related or associated to religious figures, such as Evil Tree. When acts of violence are committed, the consequences are decided by religious figures. The gods are given control over these violent acts. To get a human head to the clan was considered a symbol of supremacy and power. Okonkwo was the first one to bring home a human head and this was this fifth head; and he was not n old man yet. On great occasions such as the funeral of a village celebrity he drank his palm-wine from his first human head. This was one of the callous customs in the 1900’s during the colonial rule, where Achebe portrays violence as his major work in his book. Other form of violence was described during the Week in peace in things fall apart. Okonkwo was a violent and an impulsive man. Furthermore he uses violence to get obedience from his family. He was provoked to justifiable anger by his youngest wife, who went to plait her hair at her friend’s house and did not return early enough to cook the meal. He beat her very heavily and hard. Women were considered weak as compared to men. Okonkwo easily resorts to violence to solve all his problems. Okonkwos bitter conception of masculinity emphasizes heavily on violence. His ideas of man values are unrelated to human emotions, and therefore he cuts down a man to demonstrate his male dominance is irrelevant. The abundance of the violence is not only present in the Igbo culture, but also seen in clashes between the Igbo culture and the European (C hristianity) culture, demonstrating the incompatibility of the two cultures. Even very simple and basic interaction between the two cultures would lead to a major violent conflict. Also when Nwoye, Okonkwo’s son, tries to investigate the other culture, heavy violence arises then too. This helps us into knowing that the interactions between the two cultures are unacceptable to the oldest and the more traditional members of the clan. Violence is been also seen during the killing of Ikemefuna. There is a dramatic irony, because ikemefuna doesn’t know that okonkwo we going to kill who he called m his father and respected him more than his real father. Okonkwo was inwardly plea with at his son Nwoye’s development, and he knew it was due to Ikemefuna. He was taken by the clansmen as told by Agbala with okonkwo to the forest. One of the men behind him hit ikemefuna with the matchet very inhumanely and as ikemefuna ran towards okonkwo, in the daze of fear, okonkwo drew his matchet and cut him down. The brutality and violence shows the reader that okonkwo would d anything for not to look weak. Also in Persepolis, his violence in this book acts as a token of the human cost of war and political authoritarianism violence is related to war during the Islamic revolution, overthrowing of the shah’s regime, the triumph of the Islamic revolution and the devastating effects f war with Iran and also the protests. Violence is shown to be very much a part of Iranian culture in Persepolis. The occurrence of violence that Satrapi felt as a child, I thought, was well shown in the comic style. The frames of violence seemed to be shocking interjections into the main plot of the story, as I’m sure they seemed to be to Marji as a child. Satrapi used the shocking outburst as a means of disapproving the violence. Torture is shown in the scene splash where Ahmadi s being tortured because of his political felony. It is being divided into four parts, three of which show the torture Ahmadi suffers. The parts are his being urinated on, whipped, and burned with an iron on his back. The only narration is shown at the bottom, the only dialog is shown as large speech bubbles, which depict yelling â€Å"How do you like this?† and Confess! Where are the others?† Ahmadi is shown screaming with his eyes closed. This was Marji’s imagination. This illustration was used to emphasize the terror happening at that time and to make the readers express disapproval of the torture. Other types of violence, other than the tortures are when Siamak’s sister is being executed. Again here the scene is divided into three parts, but in these in each part it is framed and has borders. In this depiction, they have shown the executor faces and also the victim’s eyes are wide open even when s he lies dead in the street. This just shows the cold nature of the violence. Satrapi through this wants the reader’s o feel emotional and get angry. Also other example of violence is when the man was cut into pieces. The top picture says, â€Å"In the end he was cut to pieces,† that was it.thi use of the short and blunt sentence only with a picture of a cut up body. Here, there was no feeling or emotion coming from Marji. Also in the next picture, you can see Marji’s mother crying, but to me I think that Satrapi had to show at least a little emotion. This shows how violence is depicted so bluntly that has to show emotion to let the reader know that towards violence but on the whole the people seemed to be just â€Å"insensitive† or numb and use to the violence. Other types of violence were portrayed through the protests during the overthrowing of the shah’s regime. And also the war between Iran and Iraq including the death of soldiers. Everywhere in the streets there were demonstrations for and against the veil, which was implemented then for women. The burning down of the red cinema and the attacks by the police onto the locals is also an example of violence in Persepolis. Due to this violence, there was this conflict between people. Therefore, in either which ways, violence played an important role in both the books. In Things fall apart and Persepolis, violence seemed to be a significant factor as both the novels, gives the reader a feel of the real story and events.

Racism :: essays research papers

Racism can ‘destroy the personality and scar the soul.’   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Luther King Australian society is made up of a wide variety of groups. These groups of people have different cultural traditions and economic and social background. The success of the communication and interacting of these groups depends largely on the attitudes, values, and behaviour of people towards different groups. Racism is probably the first form of discrimination we think of. It is the belief that some races of people are inferior to other ‘races’. Racism usually involves negative acts against the group of people considered inferior. Genocide is the deliberate extermination of a whole race or ethnic or religious grouping of people. The impact of racism on the Aboriginal people is not just horrific but genocidal. Racism is a problem for Aboriginal Australians. This includes occupation of Aboriginal land under the ‘Terra Nullius’ principle, assimilation, the stolen generation, and Aboriginal Australian’s health. Before the arrival of European settlers, Australia was probably inhabited by as many as 500 different tribal groups of Aboriginal peoples. Many of these groups, their cultures, and their languages have been wiped out by white settlement. Aboriginal Australians traditionally owned land on a group or tribal basis according to birthright. Being a member of a tribe entitled an individual to dwell on a certain designated area of land and to utilise the natural materials from that land. The land was inalienable, that is ownership could not be transferred, because no one really ‘owned; the land in the European sense of the word therefore disputes about land did not arise between Aborigines. Upon European settlement in Australia, all useful available land was carved up by the settlers according to the notion of possession of land based on English law. This division of land failed to recognise any land rights held by the original dwellers. Dispossession had a devastating effect on Aboriginal society To the Aborigines the land was part of their very being. It had a special religious significance and they believed there was a direct relationship between the spirit and the site from which the spirit came. That place was the person’s life force and that person was inseparable connected with it and these sites were considered sacred. Within a generation of the first white settlement, many tribal groups were decimated or wiped out. By the 1850s many were on the point of extinction, others were extinct. In the Port Phillip area, for example, government records show that a pre-contact population of about 10000 was reduced to less than 2000 in only eighteen years.

Financial crisis in Kazakhstan

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to describe 2007-2009 global financial crisis reasons and define its consequences for Kazakhstan economy. From the very beginning of year 2007 global economies faced series major economic and financial problems. Many economists consider events started in 2007 as the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s and the latest phase of the evolution of financial markets under the radical financial deregulation process that began in the late 1970s.Since the Great Depression in 1930s almost everyone believed that financial arkets need to be regulated to be stable, avoid fraud and manipulation. The strict financial regulatory system was created by US government to protect the country from mentioned dangers. It worked effectively through the 1960s. Economic and financial turbulence in the 1970s and early 1980s led to both a paradigm and a policy regime shift.Efficient financial market theory and new classical macro theory replaced the existing system of tight financial regulation. Such developments facilitated the transition to a new globally-integrated deregulated neoliberal capitalism. As a result the world faced the threat of total collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment.The crisis played a significant role in the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of US dollars, and a downturn in economic activity leading to the 2008-2012 global recession and contributing to the European sovereign-debt crisis. 2. Reasons Attempting to identify the factors that caused the global financial crisis is a discussion which has been raging over the last few years, with some people pointing to one area, and others looking at other guilty ones for what has been one of the most devas tating and groundbreaking events of the economy in recent memory.The global financial crisis might seems to be that it hasn't affected ordinary people, but this certainly isn't the case, as regular workers in some of the massive companies that have been bankrupted have become unemployed, and cities and towns across he United States have been decimated if a major employer in the area has gone out of business. There are a number of factors which are generally pointed to when looking at the reasons that triggered the global financial crisis.One of the main reasons which is often pointed to as one of the main triggers of the global financial crisis are the mortgage derivative products, where risky mortgages were packaged with more traditionally secure mortgages and sold to corporate investors and other banks as secure investment products. This packaging of mortgages is generally ccepted to have masked the real risks that were linked with such a product, which gradually grew as lending c riteria were loosened in the first five or six years of the twenty first century. Between 1997 and 2006, the price of the typical American house increased by 124%.During the two decades ending in 2001, the national median home price ranged from 2. 9 to 3. 1 times median household income. This ratio rose to 4. 0 in 2004, and 4. 6 in 2006. This housing bubble resulted in quite a few homeowners refinancing their homes at lower interest rates, or financing consumer spending by aking out second mortgages secured by the price appreciation. By September 2008, average U. S. housing prices had declined by over 20% from their mid-2006 peak. Easy credit, and a belief that house prices would continue to appreciate, had encouraged many subprime borrowers to obtain adjustable-rate mortgages.

Leadership literature Essay

I can distill my personal command philosophy into four concepts†¦no catch phrases or buzz words†¦just simple principles[a1]  .   First, a commander needs to shut up [a2]  and let their [a3]  folks do their job as much as possible.   Second, a commander must clearly understand what the [a4]  individuals and organization expect from them.   Third, a commander must create their own reality.   Finally, a commander must be genuine.   Before explaining, I should probably qualify that what I’m[a5]   about to say is a product of my warped set of experiences.   It is in no way meant to be derisive or satirical†¦it’s just what I know to be true. Surely everyone is familiar with the notion that a well-executed, mediocre plan is much better than a poorly-executed perfect plan.   This [a6]  is the crux of empowering people.   Countless times[a7]   I have observed people discussing different approaches to a problem often pitting leaders against workers on how to skin the cat.   Unfortunately, the leader usually weighs in with the final say even overruling subject matter experts. [a8]   This leaves the subordinates to swallow the â€Å"front office† solution and try to make it work. Of course [a9]  most employees are good followers and they make it happen according to plan but there are several drawbacks of the top-down approach.   [a10]  First, it can take time for people to buy into a solution they played no part in conceiving.   Second, it can stifle solutions from the experts in the future. Third, it pulls the leader further into the weeds as direction is necessary to verify and vector progress[a11]  .   Why is this so hard to achieve in practice?   Perhaps it is personality driven, or perhaps it is instilled by senior mentors, but   for [a12]  some reason most leaders seem to lack the mental or moral aptitude to let folks press with solutions they deem â€Å"inferior.†Ã‚   Why not ask, â€Å"What do you think we should do?† and give that solution your full support.   Folks will take immediate ownership and you’ll be floored [a13]  by the results. Leadership literature is filled with cursory calls for the leader to communicate their [a14]  vision, goals and expectation.   Honestly, this somewhat of a cop out[a15]  .   Of course a leader needs to take an organization in [a16]  a clear direction, but [a17]  that direction has everything to do with context.   It is completely absurd to create a vision or organizational climate that fosters risk taking [a18]  at a nuclear base or rapid uninformed decisions in an engineering design flight. Likewise, it is equally ridiculous to roll into a squadron trying to pump [a19]  everyone up following a commander that rode them all into the ground during an ORI[a20]  .   A wise commander would take a moment to figure out, â€Å"What does this unit need from me?†Ã‚   Do they need a disciplinarian to check rampant DUIs?   Do they need a personable/approachable commander to get them through a recent suicide?   Perhaps they just need some top cover from the group or wing so they can get their jobs done.   Of course this will vary during a commander’s tenure as events occur and the personality [a21]  of the organization changes; the key to know what your folks expect of you. [a22] We’ve heard the anecdotes contrasting the impact different commanders have on the same organization, â€Å"under Col Smith my unit happy [a23]  and effective but after Col Jones took command, we were miserable and unproductive.†Ã‚   This is a good illustration of how commanders create their own reality.   Commander and supervisors who lament over their long hours, stressful environment and massive workload cannot improve their plight until they realize that they create this reality. Typically this frenetic environment is the result of a combination of poor organizational skills, micromanagement, lack of decision making and insufficient triage.   Conversely, the alternate universe that a commander should seek to create is one where folks understand what’s important, are trusted to work those priorities and insulated from distractions.   Likewise, the commander needs to be competent enough to know when to make a decision and when to shut up.   It all sounds simple, but in practice, creating this reality can be very difficult especially if there are strong type-A personalities within the unit or in the chain of command. The final concept and one that a commander has the least control over is sincerity.   One can do all the right things and say all the right things [a24]  but still be ineffective if they are not true to themselves.   If a commander isn’t passionate about what they [a25]  are [a26]  doing, doesn’t care about their[a27]   unit, or doesn’t respect their [a28]  boss, no amount of tap dancing or rhetoric will mask it.   This can be the result of apathy, narcissism or any number of other traits but it always shines through. Likewise, if a soft-spoken introvert wants to become a cheer-leading, fist-pumping commander, it will fall short.   Some amount of self-centeredness can be mitigated through education, self-reflection and mentoring but only to an extent.   Similarly, changing personal techniques or leadership styles to suit a specific situation can compensate for some personality traits.   The bottom line is that I would much rather work for a commander that was an uncharismatic, wrinkled blob who truly cared over the ‘GQ[a29]  ,’ smooth-talking egotist irrespective of how competent, ethical or confident they were. You might be thinking, â€Å"wait a minute, this guy is forgetting all the important stuff like core values, standards and discipline.†Ã‚   Well, yes, I did†¦I only have three pages and so accept these â€Å"bumper stickers† as given.   Will I expect service, integrity and excellence?   Absolutely!   Do I plan to emphasize safety, accountability and ethics?   No doubt!   I’m a military professional—anything less would be unacceptable.   It is actually these fuzzy principles (and others like them) that distinguish the vision-puking, smooth-talking automaton from an effective commander and leader in my book[a30]  .

102 Week 8 Journal Response Professor Ramos Blog

102 Week 8 Journal Response Week of 7/23/2018 7/27/2018 Sorry for the late post! This week we studied fallacies and monsters and their connection. See if you can locate a fallacy in the wild. Where ever you come across it, make sure to summarize and explain how it is a fallacy. See if you can give it a name. You can also write about anything that reminds you of the class and discussion. Requirements. 250 word summary and response to the article/post/news/etc; aka text. Comment below with a link to the text and your summary/response. 102 Week 8 Journal Response Sorry for the late post! Find an article that relates in some way to the things we have been talking about in class. Summarize the article, then respond to it in some way. Explain the argument you believe they are making? Why did you pick it? How does it connect to our class? One paragraph summary of source. One paragraph response to source. Include a link to the text. Should be about 250 words in length. Comment below with your response.

In the Last Throes

In the Last Throes In the Last Throes In the Last Throes By Maeve Maddox An amusing egg-corn that has just appeared on my radar is that of writing in the throes of as in the throws of. A protagonist in the throws of madness Plaster cast of a Pompeii resident in the throws of death Iraq is in the last throws of insurgency AMD in final death throws? in the throws of the epidemic Question: Why do cockroaches die on their backs? Answer: Because in the throws of death, they often tip or topple over Although both words may derive from the same Old English word, à ¾rawan to twist, turn writhe, theyve been used with distinctly different meanings long enough to make the mix-up amusing. (Throe may derive instead from O.E. à ¾rowian to suffer.) The OED offers these definitions: throe: A violent spasm or pang, such as convulses the body, limbs, or face. Also, a spasm of feeling; a paroxysm; agony of mind; anguish.  Ã‚  Ã‚      The pain and struggle of childbirth; pl. labour-pangs. The agony of death; the death-struggle, death-throe. A violent convulsion or struggle preceding or accompanying the ‘bringing forth’ of something. To confuse the issue, theres a blog called In the Throws of Resistance, and a song called In the Throws of a Moral Quandary. Theres also a villainous group (Marvel Comics) called the Death-Throws. Their name is a pun on death throes. Theyre jugglers. The things they throw cause death, hence, death throws. Take care next time you want to express the idea of intense suffering or passion. Throes in the sense of violent feeling is too good a word to throw away. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Grammar Mistakes You Should AvoidDeck the HallsDrama vs. Melodrama

Europe after the Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Europe after the Cold War - Essay Example After the Soviet Union disintegrated, the post-Cold War world broadly seems as unipolar and the US remains the only remaining superpower. The Cold War was instrumental in defining the political rule of numerous states including the US after the WW2, and as of 1989, the US had military alliances with more than fifty states while having almost one and a half million troops deployed abroad in more than one hundred nations. The cold war was also integral in institutionalizing a worldwide commitment to large, lasting peacetime military and industrial complexes along with large-scale funding for science by militaries. Â  The occurrences of 1989 along with the fall of the Berlin wall demonstrated in the short term to be enormously undermining as they resulted in the disintegration of the Soviet Union, a United Germany as well as an expanded NATO while unleashing volatile forces, although the instability was not permanent (Engel, 2009). The European continent after the Cold War has demonstrated to be comparatively stable; nonetheless, judgments have to be reserved as the ramifications of these events continue to be felt. For instance, the current crisis in the Eurozone is directly connected to the greater integration of the EU, which can be attributed to the fall of the Berlin wall. The Cold War period provided a certain level of stability for governments in the European continent, as they were aware of their status quo and the sides they supported. Boundaries and conflicts had clear definitions with the key to making the system stable being a lack of interest in changing the status quo on both sid es. Â  It may also be contended that this status quo was not sustainable with the communist bloc directing huge amounts of money to the purchase of arms while daily lives behind the Iron Curtain were being marked by a high degree of hardship.